The outcome would appear to pave the way for Azerbaijan to integrate around 120,000 ethnic Armenians into its society — a prospect some Armenians say they fear — and to take full control of a mountainous area that has been at the center of two wars since the 1991 fall of the Soviet Union.
Armenia, which says it has no military forces in Karabakh despite Azerbaijani assertions, did not intervene militarily. It has accused Baku of trying to ethnically cleanse Karabakh, something Azerbaijan has denied.
It was unclear how many ethnic Armenians would opt to stay in Karabakh or whether there would be a large exodus to Armenia.
Azerbaijan’s military operation, in which dozens were killed and hundreds injured, faced sharp criticism from the United States and some European countries.
They said the Karabakh problem should have been solved through talks and that Baku’s actions were worsening an already dire humanitarian situation on the ground.
Azerbaijan sent troops backed by artillery strikes into Karabakh on Tuesday in an attempt to bring the breakaway region to heel by force, raising the threat of a new war with its neighbor Armenia.
It acted after what it called a series of provocations and after some of its troops were killed in what Baku said were attacks launched by separatists from the mountainous region, which Azerbaijan had blockaded for nine months.